How to maintain healthy bay trees

Safety tip: Always wear the appropriate safety equipment (safety glasses, gloves, and a mask, for example) and always follow the instructions for the product or equipment. Always wear gloves and a mask when handling potting mix, mulch and compost, and store products out of the reach of children and pets. After applying fertiliser around edible plants, delay harvesting for a few days and rinse well before cooking and eating.

Potential problems

Scale insects

Scale insects are a common challenge for bay trees. These pests can infest the tree’s leaves and stems, but they can be effectively managed with food-safe insecticides. Remember that consistency is key: monitor your tree closely and take action when needed, as scale insects have a knack for returning.

Aphids and mites

Aphids and mites are also common pests, but a simple spray of neem oil will keep these sap-sucking pests away.

Sooty mould

If sap-sucking insects (like aphids, mites, scale and whitefly) infest your bay tree, they may attract sooty mould. This black, powdery fungus thrives on the insects’ excrement. To combat it, address the underlying insect issue with the methods above; with time, the mould should naturally flake off. You can also use a gentle brush or a quick rinse with a hose to remove any remnants of the mould.

Suckers

Bay trees are prone to producing new shoots from their roots called suckers. To prevent this, refrain from disturbing the soil around the tree, as root damage can trigger their growth. Left unattended, suckers can transform your bay tree into a dense, shrub-like plant.

If you prefer a single-trunk tree, controlling suckers is key. Combat them when they're young by thoroughly spraying the sucker stem with an organic weed killer, ensuring the main tree remains unharmed. Alternatively, you can cut or remove suckers from the root, but you have to be consistent to stay on top of resprouting. Keep a watchful eye on the area to maintain the desired form of your bay tree.

Seasonal care

Spring

While bay trees are generally low-maintenance, if you have concerns about soil quality or wish to enhance growth, consider using a controlled-release fertiliser. Applying a layer of mulch around the base of your bay tree away from the trunk can also contribute to soil health. Spring is a good time to prune for shape and remove any damaged or dead leaves, as well as suckers.

Summer

Increase watering slightly during summer to accommodate for increased sun exposure. Bay trees develop drought tolerance after the first year, so you can gradually reduce watering. Avoid overwatering as bay trees dislike wet soil. Use a moisture meter to determine watering needs and shape the tree by pruning any tall leaders.

For potted bay trees, re-pot every three to four years to refresh the soil, being cautious with the delicate root system. Summer is the best time to re-pot.

Bay trees can withstand the cooler temperatures and changing conditions of autumn and winter. During this time of year, your bay tree requires less maintenance. Take advantage of this restful time to shape it according to your desired form. Regular annual pruning during this season promotes bushier growth and lush foliage.

Harvesting leaves

Wait for two years before harvesting leaves from your bay tree. Once the leaves have reached a healthy size, pluck them off and arrange them on baking paper in a warm, dry room for a fortnight. After drying, store the leaves in an airtight container for future use. With this simple process, you can enjoy the aromatic benefits of your own bay leaves.

Want to know more?

Check out this guide on how to grow and care for your bay tree.